Introduction Chile held a National Plebiscite to decide upon having a new constitution and the body that should write the new text on 25 October 2020. Despite the challenges thrown up by the public health crisis, the vote and count processes both went without a hitch. The referendum results reflect a deep social gulf within Chilean society. The trend is promising for the lower class as they increasingly will vote to approve the referendum whereas the trend is declining for the higher and more so for the medium class. Research published by the Ciper journalist team also clearly shows the dominance of representatives of “Rechazo” (opponents of constitutional reform) in the control of the social networks. Sample and weekly coverage 709 cases Error margin of +/- 3.7 percentage points at 95% confidence. 61.53% of registered voters in Magallanes and 61.1% in Tarapacá did not participate. Chile suffered weeks of sometimes violent social protests in 2019, which were calmed by a decision in a referendum to draw up a new constitution to address longstanding grievances over inequality . This is a first in Chilean history. On Sunday 29 October, one year on from the mass demonstrations in the country, the Chilean electorate voted by an overwhelming majority of more than 78% in favour of a new constitution and of 79% for an assembly comprised solely of citizens to write this constitution. AQ asked two prominent Chileans to analyze the upcoming referendum. Greater overall participation is still critical to approval as an outcome. The story of the current subversion of Chile must begin, I believe, at the establishment of the 1980 Constitution which was brought about mostly through the influence of the Catholic thinker and man of action, Jaime Guzmán Errázuriz. Photo: Flickr, “The Borgen Project is an incredible nonprofit organization that is addressing poverty and hunger and working towards ending them.” With this plebiscite Chile has arrived at a historic crossroads, but the possibility of a new constitution was only one of many dreams made real by the force of the revolt. How the referendum came to be. The principal demands of the mass protests of October 2019 concern social inequality: a fair pension system, access to public education and healthcare and an end to the privatisation of public services. Chile's current constitution was written under the influence of University of Chicago economist Milton Friedman´s neoliberal model. In the wake of the overwhelmingly peaceful demonstrations on 18 October to mark the anniversary of the mass protests, two churches in the vicinity of the emblematic Plaza de la Dignidad in the capital city of Santiago went up in flames. The 2020 Chilean national plebiscite was held in Chile on 25 October 2020. The blue Bic-brand pen quickly developed cult status and became a metaphor for the non-violent yet sovereign power of the people. . In this interview, The Globe Post speaks with Dr. Fuentes about the history of Chile's constitutions, social conditions that led up to this moment of change, and the promises it . Chile's current constitution was approved in a controversial referendum in 1980, the height of a right-wing dictatorship responsible for thousands of deaths and defined by violence and political . Workers' Struggles Chile Featured. The new Chilean constitution referendum will most certainly be contentious. In a referendum in October, Chileans voted by a 79% landslide majority in favor of a popularly elected citizen assembly with gender parity. You were less likely than a woman to vote in the most recent national election. Voter turnout in Chile has fallen off a cliff since the first post-authoritarian elections in 1989, particularly since compulsory voting was abolished in 2012. Oct. 26, 2020, 2:58 AM UTC. A special assembly with equal representation of men and women will now attempt to replace the 1980 dictatorship-era constitution. While the motivations behind the rushed amendment amid impending comprehensive co nstitution making process remain unclear, . Getting to this point was a major win for workers, students, leftists, feminists, Indigenous peoples, and the poor, all of whom were involved in . Feminists are calling for a bottom-up reform of the traditional family and role models and to increase political and sexual self-determination for women and sexual minorities. The new Chilean constitution referendum will most certainly be contentious. In Santiago, only three districts that are home to the (super) rich elite voted against constitutional change. Born into poverty, Loncon has gained attention in academia with a Master’s degree and two PhDs. If a majority of citizens vote ‘Approve’, a second vote on October 25, 2020 would elect the members of the Convention, alongside municipal and regional elections. A new constitution for Chile would mean clearly established and protected rights for the people. Criticism focused particularly on the fact that the women’s movements’ demands for equal representation on the constitutional committee, adequate involvement for representatives of Chile’s ten indigenous peoples and increased autonomy for civil society within the participation process were not included in the compromise. Pulso Ciudadano (2020) (link). On 25 October, just over a year after the onset of the mass protests and almost 50 years on from Salvador Allendes’ election to president of the country, Chilean civil society won a major stage victory. Schumannstraße 8 While the Chilean constitutional referendum has been in the news, an amendment enacted prior to the referendum limited re-election of legislators, mayors and other officials. Within a year or so, Chile will have a new constitution and be able to move forward free from . Subsequently, these members will have nine months to draft the new Chilean constitution, which must be submitted to a new referendum for citizen ratification. The historical election victory of 25 October 2020 has paved the way for a new constitution that will allow the people of Chile to emerge from the long shadow of the Pinochet dictatorship. This has paved the way for a constitutional referendum in April 2020 that will allow voters to decide if they want a new constitution and, if so, who should draft it — members of Congress or elected Chilean citizens. Re: Chile Constitutional Referendum, October 25th 2020 « Reply #123 on: October 25, 2020, 07:14:06 PM » Regional results (especially in the north) seem to resemble more closely the "usual" voting patterns of relative strength for the left (Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, O'Higgins north of 80%) instead of the absolute nonsense that was 2017. Chileans took a tentative first step toward redrafting their constitution—imposed 40 years ago by the military regime—in what University of Miami political scientists say will be an effort fraught with challenges to address the country's inequalities. info@boell.de. Hosting COP 25 in Chile would have been an excellent chance to visualize the continent’s environmental problems and improve the space for negotiations. Most of all, young people and those from socially disadvantaged backgrounds, who no longer felt that their interests were being represented by the outdated party system, stayed away from the ballot boxes in their droves. Corriente Marxista Internacional - Octubre Chile. Chile Can't Wait Longer for a New Constitution. MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP via Getty Images. AQ asked two prominent Chileans to analyze the upcoming referendum. On Sunday, they voted by a 78% majority to greenlight a new constitution and, by a like margin, for an independently elected body to do . Amid the specific health and safety measures, there have been many long queues of patient and mostly cheerful citizens outside polling stations. A new constitution was a key demand of protesters in 2019. The destiny of Chile should be in the hands of all Chileans. Overall it seems like as the dates gets closer to April the overall number of people surveyed that will approve a new constitution is decreasing. Workers at Chile's electoral service hold a drill ahead of the referendum. Hence, it will be the first and only plebiscite held during the democratic governments that followed the Pinochet regime. Plaza Pública (2020) (link) and Activa Research. One central point in discussions will be redefining the role of the State. Investigations into illegal forms of political influence and the sale of public office usually peter out with no results or by handing down pathetically low fines, as in the case of the chemicals and mining firm SQM (Sociedad Química y Minera). image source, Reuters Chile is heading into a constitutional change. The Chilean Referendum. Chile’s powerful feminist movement was able to push through its calls for parity in early March following mass demonstrations. To date, almost half a million people have been infected and nearly 14,000 citizens have died with the virus. “It’s not about 30 pesos, it’s about 30 years” was the slogan that very quickly culminated in central calls for a new constitution. The constitutional convention members will be elected in October 2020, during the elections of regional and municipal authorities. The citizens’ movement is characterised by its extreme diversity and lack of connection to the political parties. Although there were no criminal or other objective reasons for this, she was not allowed to cast her vote. Protesters gather in downtown Santiago on Oct. 18, 2020, as the country prepares for a landmark constitutional referendum. Chile suffered weeks of sometimes violent social protests in 2019, which were calmed by a decision in a referendum to draw up a new constitution to address longstanding grievances over inequality . Constitutional Convention: made up by members elected specifically for this convention. In the last round of municipal elections, only a worrying 36% of those entitled to do so opted to make use of their vote. Overall, people consistently show up less for local elections (Mayors and local assembly), and more for presidential and congress elections. The result of Chile's referendum represents an overwhelming victory of the popular classes, but ultimately the direction of the country will be decided outside parliamentary and constitutional processes. – Augustus Bambridge-Sutton A woman holds a Chilean flag in Valparaiso last year. Passing Chile's Constitutional Referendum Was Easy. Pinochet's long shadow. Arguably, the agreement between Pinochet and the opposition to keep Chile's 1980 constitution - albeit in amended form - beyond Pinochet's abdication was the . The referendum is a product of October 2019 protests sparked by a hike in public transportation fares. Chileans began the long process of writing a new constitution on Monday following a landslide vote in favor of the project by citizens who want the unabashedly capitalist country's principles to enshrine greater equality in healthcare, pensions and education. The objective of the plebiscite is to ask Chilean citizens whether they want to draft a new Constitution (‘Approve’ or ‘Reject’), and to determine the mechanism for said process. The proposed new constitution would replace the 1925 constitution, and was approved by over two-thirds of voters.. It was in the socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods that turnout was most notably higher than in the last parliamentary elections. This will require further reforms to strengthen the autonomous participation of civil society. The Agreement manifested the intention to initiate a constitution-making process through a referendum, where Chileans would vote on whether to draft a new Constitution and what kind of constitution-making body would be in charge of the drafting: a Constitutional Convention,composed entirely of elected representatives, or a Mixed Constitutional . Election broadcasts and the social network feeds of the ‘no’ campaign repeatedly tried to link the other side with violent riots. 27 October 2020. A New Constitution for Chile This marks a watershed moment in Chilean history as the current constitution is a holdover from 1980 and breeds resentment among the Chilean population for its symbolism of the bloody dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet . © Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung e.V. (CNN) For a country at peace, Chile has seen plenty of recent turmoil. Women in general tend to be in favor of a new constitution.). "Chile's Constitution is neoliberal in . Electoral rules discriminate against independents, who still face higher entrance barriers than party members. Chile's centre-right ruling coalition suffered a shock loss on Sunday night after failing to secure a critical one-third of seats in the body that will draft the country's new constitution. The current constitution makes it possible for small blocking minorities to hold off urgently needed reforms. As each individual article of the constitution requires the approval of a majority of two thirds before the entire final text can be submitted for the approval of a further referendum, the negotiation process will be complex and require the members of the constitutional committee to possess extensive dialogue and conflict management skills. Chile's Constitutional Turning Point. Arguably, the agreement between Pinochet and the opposition to keep Chile's 1980 constitution - albeit in amended form - beyond Pinochet's abdication was the . The environmental movements also point out that the calls for social justice can only be successfully implemented if questions of environmental justice are also included. A woman holds a Chilean flag in Valparaiso last year. Chile's constitution dates from 1980, enacted at the height of dictator Augusto Pinochet's 1973-1990 rule, and is widely blamed for blocking equitable progress in a country ranked as one of . Although it was amended in the 30 years of Chilean democracy, it remained widely unpopular. According to their analysis, without constant mobilisation, the constitutional process is at high risk of being turned into a vanity fair for celebrities without any grass-roots experience and/or a clone of the parliament, considered as barely representative of the diversity of civil society demands. One of the main demands of the environmental movements, this is set to change under the new constitution. Because of huge breaches of human rights by the police and military during the mass protests and which have still not been fully worked through, a key priority will be to strengthen rule of law control mechanisms over the police and military. Almost half of Chile’s municipalities are still in strict quarantine. The unequivocal outcome of the constitutional referendum of 25 October is an historical milestone for Chilean civil society, which brought public life to a standstill across the country in October 2019 for several weeks, to demand root and branch social and political reform. www.boell.de Are you 18-39 years old? Chile’s constitutional referendum last month was its most important vote since the country transitioned to democracy in 1989. Workers at Chile's electoral service hold a drill ahead of the referendum. Given that 65% of men would approve, according to Cadem, your vote counts in passing this historical referendum. Chile's current constitution was approved in a controversial referendum in 1980, the height of a right-wing dictatorship responsible for thousands of deaths and defined by violence and political . The applicable health and social distancing rules were communicated clearly via all social networks and the media: voters were obliged to bring and use facemasks, alcohol hand sanitiser and their own ballpoint pens with blue ink. Chile may end up producing a new constitution that promises far too much. It reserves 17 seats of the convention for members of indigenous groups, not even mentioned in the original Pinochet-era constitution. In 2012, registration became automatic for all citizens at the age of 18, but voting was not compulsory anymore. Passing Chile's Constitutional Referendum Was Easy. Based on the opinion polls from Cadem, the draft of a new Constitution will barely get the 50% minimum for it’s approval on the day of the election, while for Activa Research, the probability of approval would be closer to 63%. . This movement was directly triggered by a small fare increase on the Santiago Metro, which led to a rebellion of schoolchildren jumping the barriers in a joint act of protest. Chile's constitution was written during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, who ruled from 1973 to 1990. A further raft of demands calls for fundamental reforms of political institutions, in order to democratise political competition and gear it increasingly to majority principles. According to a poll, half of the general population believes that there is a conflict between the rich and poor, but only a quarter of the economic elite hold the same views. Three decades after democracy came back to Chile, the scars left by the Pinochet regime remain palpable. She believes that the privatization of water must end. As every single article needs a two-thirds majority, a complex negotiation process looms ahead. You were the least likely demographic to vote in the most recent national election. Human rights lawyers reported that members of the Mapuche population in particular had been prevented from exercising their right to vote. image source, Reuters According to the most recent census, 12.8% of respondents stated that they belong to an ethnic group, but just 2.5% of members of Parliament are from an indigenous background. In the vote, postponed by the pandemic, the Chileans will be given two ballot papers. 10117 Berlin Now, Chile awaits elections to a constitutional convention in April 2021, which has nine months — extendable to 12 upon request — to debate and put forward a new constitution; followed by a fresh referendum to ratify or reject it within 60 days. What happens next? Javiera Manzi, a spokesperson for Chile's largest feminist advocacy group, Coordinadora Feminista 8M, says the referendum is the result of people doing what politicians had refused to do for . Nearly 40,000 people suffered human rights abuses during the dictatorship, and 3,000 died . A total coverage of 182 communes was reached. A new . Are you a man? **However, it is also important to note that the central regions did not fare much better with 51.5% in Santiago and 52.7% in Biobío also not participating. So Loncon's appointment will be pivotal for Mapuche voices to . According to a study by the World Resources Institute, Chile is one of the 18 countries of the world under the greatest water stress. On 25 October 2020, Chileans headed to the polls for the plebiscite and an emphatic 78% of voters opted to draft a new constitution. The result came late on Monday - a landslide verdict as 78 per cent of the voters demanded a new constitution. A leaderless social movement gathering millions of people across Chile began in October 2019. This is most directly apparent from looking at the water situation. Chile is the only country in Latin America whose constitution does not even recognise the existence of its indigenous peoples. F +49 (30) 285 34-109 The referendum asked whether a new constitution should be drafted, and whether it should be drafted by a constitutional convention, made up by members elected directly for this convention, or by a mixed constitutional convention, made up in halves by currently-sitting members of Parliament and directly elected citizens. A further major issue in the present Chilean constitution lies in its excessive protection of private property which, unlike in Germany, for instance, carries no social obligations. . And although the leaders of the pro-reform “Apruebo” campaign pointed out time and again that bots do not vote, public opinion on the social networks was disproportionately dominated by the spin doctors and bots of the ‘no’ campaign. Demonstrators supporting the reform of the Chilean Constitution awaiting the referendum results at Plaza Italia square in Santiago on October 25, 2020. There has never, moreover, been a constitutional committee anywhere in the world with an equal number of women sitting on it. It is not only the right-wing parties, with their traditional links to entrepreneurship, that come in for this criticism, but also the centrist ones and much of the left wing. There are strong regional voices also calling for a decentralisation of State functions. During the pandemic, more than a million Chilean nationals were left without access to water in sufficient quantity and quality. Since then, however, the deal has been improved for the better – the involvement of women and independent candidates has been bolstered, and more recently, after long debates, an additional 24 seats have been added to assure the participation of ethnic groups. With 100 percent of the ballots counted, voters approved the referendum in a landslide victory, and 78 percent voted in favor of a new Constitution. A year after mass protests erupted in Chile last October, a historic referendum on the Pinochet dictatorship's 1980 constitution will take place on Sunday. Representatives of indigenous peoples are additionally calling for the right to territorial autonomy and the recognition of Chile as a plurinational State. Encuestas. Among these indigenous delegates is Elisa Loncon, a progressive academic. A man walks past graffiti reading "I Approve" in reference to the Oct. 25 referendum. People in Chile are going to the polls for a referendum. On the Chilean Constitutional Referendum by Charlie Ebert October 29, 2020. Convention members will have 9 to 12 months to draft the new Constitution. Votes for a new constitution were particularly prevalent in communities at the highest risk from environmental problems and water shortages. The referendum was held on Sunday, and 7.5 million people turned out to vote, marking the highest turn-out since 2012. On Sunday, social organizations called for a march in Santiago to support the installation of the Constitutional Convention (CC) set to draft Chile's new Constitution. Before 2012, people had to register for voting, but once they were enrolled in the system, voting was compulsory. This led to the government’s October 2020 decision for a referendum to draft a new Chilean constitution. Millions of people, from Arica in the north to Magallanes in the Chilean Antarctic, took to the streets in cities and villages to protest against social inequality, corruption and the unwillingness of the elite to enact reform. (%). On October 25 th , a referendum will decide whether or not to call a constitutional convention to change the Constitution. The protests, which originated in Santiago and spread throughout the country, sought to end the vast social inequality throughout Chile. 90% of the sample was applied in urban population and 10% in rural population. . The referendum was controversial, as Chile was then being ruled by a military dictatorship, and it ensured that Augusto Pinochet would remain in power with a rule by decree until 1988, after which he was . Symposium on Chilean Referendum Part IV: On the Debate of the Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Peoples in Chile [ Editor's Note : I-CONnect is pleased to feature a five-part symposium on the recent Chilean referendum authorizing a new constitution-making process. Furthermore, the attempts of opponents of constitutional change to manipulate public opinion or scare people off from voting by means of a discourse of fear of infection and violence proved largely unsuccessful. (Bloomberg) -- Chile . After decades of protests over healthcare, pensions, education and other issues, these multiple demands converged as one general clamour for social justice and dignity. T +49 (30) 285 34-0 However, there are reasons to worry that the forthcoming constitutional referendum will dismantle basic economic fundamentals and put Chile on the wrong path. On March 6th, 2022 (at the latest), a third vote would ‘Accept’ or ‘Reject’ the new Constitution. In a referendum in October, Chileans voted by a 79% landslide majority in favor of a popularly elected citizen assembly with gender parity. Chile's constitution dates from 1980, enacted at the height of dictator Augusto Pinochet's 1973-1990 rule, and is widely blamed for blocking equitable progress in a country ranked as one of the . Made up by the Pinochet regime, but once they were enrolled in the last elections. Network feeds of the convention for members of the Mapuche population in particular had been prevented from their... 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